2020年自考00838语言与文化复习资料（3）

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        3.Words and associative meaning

        3.1 Words and connotative meaning

        book:C:contain knowledge and wisdom for people,youth must learn

        E:it express ideas for people to consider,to agree or disagree,and to comment

        Sexy:C:connotes loose sex morality

        E:it is a positive human quality

        Old,young:C:young means inexperienced,and inconsistent.Old means mature,skilled and experienced.

        E:young means flexible,vigorous,and creative.Old means traditional,senile,and useless.

        Dog:C:is very pejorative.

        E:it can even be considered as a family member.

        Peasant:C:doesn’t have derogatory connotations.

        E:it has derogatory

        Landlord,capitalist,boss:C:are pejorative in Chinese

        E:not

        Comrade:C:connotes warmth,friendliness and equality

        E:means spies of the Soviet Union

        Ambitious,aggressive:C:it is pejorative

        E:it is considered good qualities and both positive in meaning.

        Self-made man:C:

        E:it is positive term.Connoting lack of financial foundation and influential connections.

        Individualism:C:it is means selfishness

        E:it is positive term

        Propaganda:C:it is a neutral term.

        E:it is a pejorative term in English

        Do-gooder:C:it is means unselfish and helpful

        E:it is a pejorative term in English

        Spiritual:C:it hasn’t this means in Chinese.

        E:it has religious connotation.

        3.2 Words and social meaning

        British English:spoken in the U.K,Australia,New Zealand,West Indian Isles

        American English:spoken in the North America.

        BrE

        AmE

        Chinese

        Brooch

        Breastpin

        胸针

        Mackintosh

        Raincoat

        雨衣

        Sweet

        Candy

        糖果

        Flat

        Apartment

        公寓

        Pail

        Bucket

        水桶

        Cellar

        Basement

        地下室

        Tap

        Faucet

        水龙头

        Timetable

        Schedule

        时间表

        Booking office

        Ticket office

        售票处

        Autumn

        Fall

        秋天

        torch

        flashlight

        手电筒

        BrE

        AmE

        Chinese

        Scone

        biscuit

        软饼

        Biscuit

        Cracker

        饼干

        Cracker

        Firecracker

        爆竹

        Corn

        Grain

        谷物

        Maize

        Corn

        玉米

        Jumper

        Sweater

        毛线衣

        Blouse

        Jumper

        短套衫

        Vest

        Undershirt

        汗衫

        Waistcoat

        Vest

        背心

        Purse

        Change purse

        钱包

        Handbag

        Purse

        手提包

        Truck

        Flatcar

        铁路平板车

        Lorry

        Truck

        卡车

        Shop

        Store

        商店

        store

        Warehouse

        货栈

        From English

        From French

        Meaning in Chinese

        Answer

        reply

        回答

        Rest

        Repose

        休息

        Room

        Chamber

        房间

        Bear

        Endure

        忍受

        Woods

        Forest

        树林

        Gift

        Present

        礼物

        Love

        Affection

        爱情

        House

        Mansion

        房子

        King

        Sovereign

        国王

        Wish

        Desire

        愿望

        make

        Create

        创造

        There are also many triples of synonyms in Englsih.

        From English

        From French

        From Latin

        Meaning in Chinese

        Weak

        feeble

        Fragile

        软弱

        Size

        Caliber

        Magnitude

        大小

        Empty

        Devoid

        Vacuous

        空的

        End

        Finish

        Complete

        结束

        Rise

        Mount

        Ascend

        上升

        Ask

        Question

        Interrogate

        问

        Belly

        Stomach

        Abdomen

        胃、腹

        Fire

        Flame

        Conflagration

        火

        Time

        Age

        Epoch

        时代

        Die

        Pass

        Decease

        死

        count

        Calculate

        compute

        算

        English has been closely related to Latin as well.They borrowed dozens of words from Latin words entered English.Of course,sets of synonyms in English are not limited to the pairs and triples discussed above.

        3.3 Words and affective meaning

        sexy,young,dog,ambitious,aggressive,self-made man,individualism,equalitarianism or egalitarianism are positive in English,but pejorative in Chinese

        Landlord,capitalist,boss,free love are pejorative in Chinese,but neutral in English

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