以下湖南学士学位英语考点归纳(46)由湖南自考网收集、提供。自考学位考试对考生来说是很重要的环节,希望学位英语考试复习资料能够帮助同学们更好地复习,在考试时取得更好地成绩!
英语惯用语的类
英语词汇丰富,惯用语很多。学习英语者,不能只注意单字单词,他们也必须同时学习各常见的惯用语,以便从另一领域增加英语词汇。
什么是英语惯用语呢?它们有哪些类别呢?
所谓惯用语(idiomatic expressions),顾名思义,就是两个或两个以上的字合组而成一个固定短语,具有个固定意思,有时,如片语动词,还可能有一个以上的含义。
英语常见惯用语有七种如下:
㈠片语动词(phrasal verbs),如:
①turn down:拒绝;②turn up:出现;③take after:长得像 ……;④put off:延期;⑤put up with:忍受;⑥do away with:取消、废除;⑦go back on:食言;⑧zero in on:将注意力集中在 ……
㈡介词短语(prepositional phrases),如:
①in a nutshell:总而言之;②by leaps and bounds:很迅速地;③with open arms:热烈地;④under the weather:不舒服; ⑤from time to time:偶尔;⑥of one's own free will:自愿地;⑦by degrees:渐渐地;⑧on one's own:独自;⑨without fail :一定;⑩in high spirits:精神奕奕地。
㈢动词短语(verb phrases),如:
①pluck up courage:鼓起勇气;②get to the bottom of... :查询到底;③ hold the fort:代人尽责;④waste one's breath :浪费气力;⑤close one's eyes to...:熟视无睹;⑥come in handy:会有用处;⑦go without saying:不说便知;⑧lose track of:失去踪迹。
㈣名词短语(noun phrases),如:
① a bird's eye view of...:概览;② a bolt from the blue:晴天霹雳;③ Achilles' heel:人性上的一个弱点;④ child's play:轻而易举的事;⑤ food for thought:可供思考的事;⑥ a flash in the pan:昙花一现;⑦a feast for the eyes :赏心悦目事;⑧ the rat race:激烈的竞争。
㈤形容词短语(adjective phrases),如:
① bent on...:决心……;② susceptible to...:易于…… ;③devoid of...:缺乏……;④conducive to...:有助于……; ⑤comfortably off:富裕的;⑥ busy with...:忙于……;⑦ second to none:最佳的;⑧serious of purpose:认真的。
㈥“三合一”短语,如:
① ways and means:各种方法;② aches and pains:各种疼痛;③ law and order:法规;④ odds and ends:零星杂品;⑤ make or break:不成功就失败;⑥ give and take:亦取亦舍、互相忍让;⑦ forgive and forget:既往不咎;⑧ hale and hearty :健壮的;⑨free and easy:自由自在的;⑩ here and there:各处;11 safe and sound:安然无恙的;12 now and then:偶尔。
㈦成语/谚语(proverbs/ maxims),如:
① more haste, less speed:欲速不达;② man proposes, God disposes:谋事在人,成事在天;③ strike while the iron is hot:打铁趁热;④ easy come, easy go:易得易失;⑤ time flies:光阴飞快;⑥ prevention is better than cure:预防胜过治疗;⑦ never say "die":永不言“休”;⑧ the early bird catches the worm:早起的鸟儿有虫吃。
在这七种惯用语中,㈠-㈤数目多又好用,片语动词尤为特出,不论是口语或书写,都很适合。第七类,流传已久,耳熟能详,宜于适当时刻使用。第六类出现的时间较迟,数量较少,但是很有用,颇受欢迎。
成人英语三级辅导:英语惯用语的简化
语言是社会的产物。任何语言都在随着社会的发展而发展。其中一个突出的倾向,就是简化。例如英语有些惯用语中的小小成分就可以省略不用,趋向于较简单的形式。
以下便是些惯用语某些成分可以被合法省略的例子:
⒈定冠词 the 的省略,如:
pull the strings→pull strings:通过人事用其影响力
the long and the short of...→the long and short of...:总而言之
if the worst comes to the worst→if worst comes to worst :大不了
to go through the proper channels→to go through proper channels:通过正常渠道
⒉不定冠词的省略,如:成人英语三级考试网
in a great measure→in great measure:在很大程度上
at a breakneck speed→at breakneck speed:以惊险速度
⒊名词复数符号的省略,如:
to rack one's brains→to rack one's brain:绞尽脑汁
in the interests of...→in the interest of:为了……利益起见
⒋所有格代名词的省略,如:
to save one's face→to save face:保存面子
to take one's leave of→to take leave:请假
⒌返身代词的省略,如:
to stand oneself aloof from→to stand aloof from:远离
to adapt oneself to→to adapt to:适应
⒍形容词的省略,如:
to make both ends meet→to make ends meet:收支平衡
to take one's own life→to take one's life :牺牲自己
to hit the right nail on the head→to hit the nail on the head:做对、答对
at long last→at last:终于
⒎介词的省略,如:
to take to flight→to take flight:逃之夭夭
at full length→full length:详细地
⒏副词的省略,如:
to have too many irons in the fire→to have many irons in the fire:要做的事太多
to put out to sea→to put to sea:启航
⒐“As”及其他词语的省略,如:
as regular as clockwork→regular as clockwork:很准时地
as blind as a bat→blind as a bat:视力不良
his word is as good as his bond→His word is his bond:重视诺言
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