学位英语复习资料:英汉互译练习题17

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        1.The ideal rural lifestyle reflected in the art and literature is a great characteristic in Chinese civ-ilization. It is largely attributed to the Taoism affection to nature. There are two most preferred top-ics in traditional Chinese paintings. One kind depicts various happy scenes of family life in which the elderly play chess and drink tea, young men farm and harvest in the field, women weave or sew clothes and kids play in the outside. The other depicts the recreations of rural life. In these paintings, fishermen fish on the lake, farmers hew or collect herbs on the hills and scholars com-pose poems or paintings under pine trees. These two themes respectively represent the ideal life of Confucianism and Taoism.

        答案：反应在艺术和文学中的乡村生活理想是中国文明的重要特征。这在很大程度上归功于道家对自然的感情。传统中国画有两个受青睐的主题，一是家庭生活的各种幸福场景，画中往往有老人在下棋饮茶，男人在耕耘收割，妇女在织布缝衣，小孩在户外玩耍。另一个则是乡村生活的种种乐趣，画有渔夫在湖上打渔，农夫在山上砍柴采药，或是书生坐在松树下吟诗作画。

        这两个主题可以分别代表儒家和道家的生活理想。

        2.The 2011 is a historic moment in Chinese urbanization process, when the urban population surpassed the rural population for the first time. During the next 20 years, it is estimated that about 350 million rural population will move to cities. Such large-scale of urbanization is both a challenge and an opportunity to the urban traffic. The Chinese government has always been advocating "peo-ple-oriented" developing concept, emphasizing that people should travel by buses instead of by pri-vate cars. It also calls for the construction of "resource saving and environment friendly" society.

        With this explicit goal, China can have a better-planned urbanization process, and therefore divert more investment to the development of safe, clean and economical transportation system.

        答案：2011年是中国城市化进程中的历史性时刻，其城市人口首次超过农村人口。在未来20年里，预计约有3.5亿农村人口将移居到城市。如此规模的城市发展对城市交通来说既是挑战，也是机遇。中国政府一直提倡“以人为本”的发展理念。强调人们以公交而不是私家车出行。

        它还号召建设“资源节约和环境友好型”社会。有了这个明确的目标，中国城市就可以更好地规划其发展，并把大量投资转向安全、清洁和经济型交通系统的发展上。

        3.Since ancient times, the Chinese people usually celebrate harvest in the Mid-Autumn, which is similar to the custom of celebrating Thanksgiving in the North America. The tradition of celebrating Mid-Autumn festival became popular throughout China in the early Tang dynasty. The lunar Au-gust 15 is a day for people worshiping the moon. On this day, under the dazzling bright moon,families reunite and enjoy the moon' s beauty. In 2006, Mid-Autumn festival was listed as one of China' s cultural heritage, and in 2008, it was classified as a public holiday. Moon cakes, as indis- pensable delicious food of the festival, were gifts people sent to families and friends during the fes-rival and usually eaten on family gatherings.

        答案：中国人自古以来就在中秋时节庆祝丰收，这与北美地区庆祝感恩节的习俗十分相似，过中秋节的习俗于唐代早期在中国各地开始流行，中秋节在农历八月十五，是人们拜月的节日，这天夜晚皓月当空，人们合家团聚，共赏明月。2006年，中秋节被列为中国的文化遗产，2008年又被定为公共假日，月饼被视为中秋节不可或缺的美食，人们将月饼作为礼物馈赠亲友或在家庭聚会上享用。

        4.The traditional Chinese hospitality requires food diversity, so that guests will be full before eating up all the dishes. A typical Chinese banquet menu includes cold dishes served at the begin-ning, followed by hot dishes, such as meat, poultry, vegetables, etc. At most banquets, the whole fish is considered to be essential, unless various kinds of seafood have been served already.

        Today, Chinese people would like to combine Western specialties with traditional Chinese dishes.

        Therefore, it is not rare to see steak being served as well. Salad is gaining popularity, although tra-ditionally the Chinese people generally do not eat any food without cooking. There is usually at least a bowl of soup, served at the beginning or in the end of the dinner party. Desserts and fruit usually mark the end of the feast.

        答案：中国传统的待客之道要求饭菜丰富多样，让客人吃不完。中国宴席上典型的菜单包括开席的一套凉菜及其后的热菜，例如肉类、鸡鸭、蔬菜等。大多数宴席上，全鱼被认为是必不可少的，除非已经上过各式海鲜。如今，中国人喜欢把西方特色菜与传统中式菜肴融于一席，因此牛排上桌也不少见。沙拉也已流行起来，尽管传统上中国人一般不吃任何未经烹饪的菜肴。宴席通常至少有一道汤，可以先上或后上桌。甜点和水果通常标志宴席的结束。

        5.Parents in China are always trying to help their children, even to make the most important de-cision for them, regardless of what the children really want, because parents believe it' s all for the benefit of their children. This has led to the result that the children' s growth and education tend to give way to their parents' wishes. Once the parents decide to sign up an after school class for their children in order to increase their chance of being admitted to a good school, they will stick on their decision, even their children have no interest in it at all. In America, however, parents tend to respect their children, especially when making decisions. Perhaps it is commendable that Chinese parents lay much importance on education, but Chinese parents still need to keep the balance be-tween the parents and children in the perspective of education as the American parents do.

        答案：在中国，父母总是竭力帮助孩子，甚至为孩子做重要决定，而不管孩子想要什么，因为他们相信这样做是为孩子好。结果，孩子的成长和教育往往屈从于父母的意愿。如果父母决定为孩子报名参加一个课外班，以增加其被重点学校录取的机会，他们会坚持自己的决定，即使孩子根本不感兴趣。然而在美国，父母可能会尊重孩子的意见，并在决策时更注重他们的意见。

        中国父母十分重视教育或许值得称赞。然而，他们应该向美国父母学习在涉及教育时如何平衡父母与子女间的关系。

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