学位英语复习资料:垂悬结构详解

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        垂悬结构详解

        ⒈垂悬分词或分词短语，如：

        ① Climbing up the hill, several boars were seen.

        这句子里的现在分词短语(present participial phrase)修饰主语“several boars”是错的;改正方法有二：

        (a)确定是逻辑主语，使句子变成“Climbing up the hill, the explorers saw several boars.”

        (b)把现在分词短语扩大为副词分句(也称状语从句)：“When the explorers climbed up the hill, they saw several boars/ several boars were seen.”

        ⒉垂悬副词短语，如：

        ② After putting a shrimp on the hook, the fish began to bite.

        这句的副词短语(adverb phrase)和主语“the fish”有什么逻辑关系呢?真正的逻辑主语应该是“the fisherman”或“the angler”才对。改正方法和例①同：

        (a) After putting a shrimp on the hook, the fisherman found that the fish began to bite.

        (b) After the fisherman had put a shrimp on the hook, the fish began to bite.

        ⒊垂悬不定式动词短语，如：

        ③ To write well, a lot of practice is needed.

        ④ To be a loyal employee, a sense of belonging is a must.

        这两个句子的不定式动词短语(infinitive phrases)并不能修饰“practice”和“a sense of belonging”，真正的主语必须是“ 人”，如：

        (a) To write well, one needs a lot of practice/a person has to practise a lot.

        (b) To be a loyal employee, he or she must have a sense of belonging.

        上述三类垂悬结构中，类发生的频率，必须注意。但是在下列三种情况下，分词短语是对的，它们并非垂悬结构：

        ，独立结构(The Absolute Construction，见3月7日《中英合谈》)中的分词短语有自己的主语，所以不是垂悬结构。例如：

        ① Such being the case, we can go home now./……it is not wrong to call it a day.

        第二，当分词含有介词或连词性质时，它不需要逻辑主语，所以没有垂悬问题存在。例如：

        ② Owing to a lack of funds, the project has to be discontinued.

        ③ Provided that there is sufficient time, everyone can do the job better.

        第三，当分词短语是用来表示说话者的态度或意见时，也不需要逻辑主语，因此也不存在着垂悬问题。例如：

        ④ Judging from his facial look, the news must have been terrible.

        ⑤ Taken as a whole, there is nothing wrong with the logic behind that idea.

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