2012年4月自考外刊经贸知识选读真题及答案00096

课程代码：00096

一、单项选择题（本大题共15小题，每小题2分，共30分）

1. Ther's not much prospect of Mr Smith's being elected as Congressman.（ B ）

   A. ability         B. possibility         C. capability         D. specialty

2. The Islamic Development Bank (IDB) is to pay out $ 356 million for project financing and

   trade operations. （ A ）

   A. disburse        B. display            C. demonstrate       D. distribute

3. China has the most dynamic economy in the world today. （ C ）

   A. motive         B. passive            C. active             D. massive

4. The expert argued that China could surpass both Japan and the United States to become

   the world largest economy in 2020. （ D ）

   A. expend         B. extend            C. expand            D. exceed

5. His robust strength was a counterpoise to the disease. （ A ）

   A. vigorous       B. excessive          C. moderate          D. lackluster

6. There is an amazing amount of economic friction up and down the real estate industry. （ B ）

    A. flash          B. clash              C. brush             D. crash

7. It is evident that China's economy is one of the fastest growing in the world.

    A. clean          B. flat                C. clear              D. dour

8. The Government Printing Office provides free public access to full-text federal documents. （ C ）

    A. excess        B. exit               C. extra              D. entry

9. The news slowly passed through to everyone in the office. （ A ）

    A. filtered       B. riveted            C. formed            D. delved

10. The only sour note has been struck by new energy tax proposals in the US and the EC. （ D ）

    A. introductions                        B. destinations

    C. accommodations                     D. suggestions

11. US protectionist measures helped wreck the world economy in the 1930s. （ C ）

    A. diminish      B. deliver            C. destroy            D. detatch

12. Make-up experts steer girls toward light colors, fragrances. （ B ）

    A. tend          B. guide              C. endure            D. strain

13. The advertisement itself will pull your attention and immediately you will feel that you

    need it for your lifestyle. （ D ）

    A. segment      B. trademark         C. reformulation      D. commercial

14. The Chinese, who constitute 95 per cent of Hong Kong's population, prefer brown eggs over white. （ A ）

    A. compose      B. compete           C. combine           D. compile

15. Generally, the first stage in the extraction of crude oil is to drill a well into the underground reservoir. （ C ）

    A. grim          B. strict               C. raw                D. severe

二、将下列词组译成中文（本大题共10小题，每小题1分，共10分）

16. exclusive contract 译：独家经销合同       17. current account 译：经常项目

18. clearing agreement 译：清算协议          19. per capita income 译：人均收入

20. barrier-free market 译：无壁垒市场        21. carbon tax 译：双重税

22. real estate 译：房地产                   23. test market 译：试销市场

24. intellectual property right 译：知识产权     25. business cycle 译：商业周期

三、将下列词组译成英文（本大题共10小题，每小题1分，共10分）

26.供应过剩 译：glut of supplies                       27.收盘价 译：closing level/closing price

28.初级产品 译：soft commodity                       29.市场份额 译：market share

30.双边条约 译：bilateral pacts                          31.产地证明书 译：certificate of origin

32.中国出口商品交易会 译：Chinese Export Commodity Fair              

33.资本货物 译：capital goods

34.优先权 译：preferred status                          35.直接投资 译：direct investment

四、简答题（本大题共6小题，每小题3分，共18分）

Passage 1

     In 1961, when Gen. Park Chung Hee seized power in a military coup, yearly per capita income hovered at a bare-bones $100. Park committed Korea to exporting its way out of poverty, and his strategy was as simple as it was effective: shower the country's fledging conglomerates with huge subsidies, government-based loans and official favors and turn them into the world's suppliers of bargain-basement textiles, footwear and light industrial goods.

     The results have been dazzling. For two decades, Korea has sizzled along at an 8 percent annual growth rate. Exports have surged from $119 million in 1964 to $29 billion last year. Per capita income, now $ 2,000, could reach $ 5,000 by the end of the century. Korea boasts a literacy rate of 95 percent,  a standard met by only a few of the most advanced Western nations. The once provincial capital of Seoul teems with energy and sophistication.

36. What do "hover" and "bare-bones" mean in the passage?

答："Hover" means "stay". "Bare-bones" means "very low" or "inadequate". (2分)

37. Which countries in the world besides Korea have a literacy rate of 98 percent?

答：Only a few of the most advanced Western nations. (2分)

38. In what sense is the underlined word "sophistication" used here? What might it refer to    specifically and what does it have to do with energy?

答：In the given context, it means the advancement of technology.  (2分) It refers specifically to their (technically) modernized municipal facilities, which helps give people the impression that it's a place full of "energy". (3分)

Passage 2

    International trade by barter is, in fact, an inefficient and expensive means of doing business compared to trading with money. Observes David Yoffie, "To cover the additional costs it incurs in handling goods it is forced to take in countertrade, a multinational company simply boosts the price of the goods it sells." Yoffie sees countertrade as a form of protectionism. "It can help one group and hurt another," he says.

    On the other hand, Daniel Cecchin, director of Countertrade Services for Bank America World Trade Corp., asserts that the rise of countertrade provides practical solutions to the debt problems of the international monetary system.

39. What is the meaning of "barter" in its traditional form?

答：It means the direct exchanging of goods of equivalent value rather than using money. (3分)

40. In what sense is countertrade seen as a form of protectionism?

答：Countertrade involves conditional buying or allows no free choice in importing. That's both against competition and free trade. (3分)

41. According to Cecchin, what is the benefit of countertrade?

答：It provides practical solutions to the debt problems of the international monetary system. / It can relieve the massive debts of developing countries. (3分)

五、正误判断题（本大题共10小题，每小题2分，共20分）

判断下列各题正误，正确的用“√”表示，错误的用“×”表示、

Passage 1

    The term "quality" is one of the most misused in the business world. What exactly does it mean? Our grandparents would have been in no doubt. Quality meant excellence: a thing was the best of its kind, and that was that. In business, however, the word has acquired a very different meaning: consistency, a lack of defects.

    Around 1970, it is said, a group of investment analysts visited a world-famous UK engineering company. They asked the questions of their trade: about profit margins, stock control and balance sheets. The company's executives did not see the point of all this. Their products were the finest in the world. Why all these detailed questions about numbers?

    Rolls Royce, the company in question, duly went bust in 1973. The trouble with old style quality was that it encouraged supply-driven management. The engineers would make the product to the highest possible standard and price it accordingly. If the public was so uncultured that they turned it down, so much the worse for the public. It was all very well for artists to produce masterpieces. The job of companies was to please the market.

    Quality has a third meaning: that of value for money. To qualify for that meaning, a product must be of certain standard; and it should convey a sense, not of outright cheapness, but of being sold at a fair price.

    The US fast foods group McDonald's, for instance, talks of its 'high quality food'. But at 99e or 99p, its hamburgers are as close to absolute cheapness as any person in the developed world could desire. They are also highly consistent. Eat a McDonald's anywhere around the world and the results will be roughly similar. But as anyone who has eaten a really good American hamburger knows, a McDonald's is also a long way from quality in its original sense.

42. Quality used to mean that a product was well-made and high-priced.（√）

43. Nowadays, quality means consistency and cheap price.（×）

44. The investment analysts who visited a UK engineering company were from Roils Royce.（×）

45. Companies should learn from artists and produce masterpieces.（×）

46. The writer thinks that McDonald's hamburgers are not worth the money.（×）

Passage 2

      The numbers are surprising: millions of people getting off poverty in a generation, billions of dollars in wealth created every year. In the past two decades, two out of five Indonesians escaped poverty. Asian exports went from less than one-seventh of the world total to almost 30%. No wonder people call it the Asian Economic Miracle. But to the workers and 14-hour-a-day entrepreneurs, it was nothing magical. Just plain hard work, business sense, a taste for risks, and a bit of luck.

     Today, China, Japan, India, Indonesia and South Korea are among the world's 12 largest economies. High-profile Asian businesses like Toyota, Samsung, Hongkong Bank and Singapore Airlines are now also global giants. And the growth formula of enterprise, investment and exports has crossed borders and waters. China and other socialist economies of Asia are following the trail blazed by Japan, the newly industrialized countries (NICs) and ASEAN.

    Now Asia is re-inventing the miracle. The affluent middle class created by the boom is taking over from exports as the main engine of growth.  Also adding to the thrust is infrastructure spending to support future expansion.  Asian investment and trade are developing new markets and production centers right inside Asia. Japan and the NICs are passing labor-intensive sectors like garment-making over to less developed nations and moving into advanced technology and services.

    Greater wealth has brought a clown side. Many Asians have abandoned their traditional diets for many types of fat-laden foods. So, in addition to becoming taller, they are also becoming fatter. And they are growing more susceptible to diseases such as diabetes. Bad eating habits combined with stress have made cancer, heart disease and strokes into major killers.

47. The workers and entrepreneurs in Asia work 14 hours a day. （×）

48. The economic development modes of the Asian countries are very different. （×）

49. The two driving forces of the new cycle of development in Asia are the rich middle class and infrastructure spending. （√）

50. The newly-industrialized countries are moving away from the labor-intensive sweatshops to the computer-aided workplaces. （√）

51. One of the next challenges Asia will face is to cope with the down side of wealth. （√）

六、翻译题（本大题12分）

52. Once, when Japan faced pressure from abroad, it would either give in reluctantly or keep quiet and hope that the fuss would die down.  No longer, it seems.  The Clinton administration strongly believes in exerting such pressure. Its policy is to open some Japanese markets by setting import target--an approach to trade policy that supporters call "results-oriented". This ugly term foreshadows uncertain consequences. Far from capitulating to this new thrust of American trade policy, Japan is taking a stand that could lead to a trans-Pacific confrontation.

译：从前，当日本面对来自国外的压力时，它或者会勉强屈服，或者会保持安静，并且希望那些骚扰会逐渐消失。(3分)但看起来日本现在已经不再采取这种态度。(1分)克林顿政府热衷于施加这样的压力。(1分)其政策旨在用设定进口指标的方法打开一些日本市场——拥护者将这一处理贸易政策的方法称之为“结果导向法”。(3分)这一令人生厌的术语预示了许多不确定的结果。(工分)日本非但没有向美国新推行的贸易政策屈服，反而采取了一种可能导致跨太平洋冲突的立场。(3分)  

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