2020年自考00838语言与文化复习资料（5）

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        Chapter 4. Cultural Differences in Everybody Conversations

          1. Vocatives and culture

        Names(English people have given names, surnames, full names, with or without a title, and nicknames or pet names.)

Name related to the plant and flowers

Name related to the weapons

Names related to knowledge, authority, fame are also quite common in English

But we can hardly find personal names in English that are related to historical events and date of the birth, English names more related to the Pikes, and Chinese names related to the “剑””盾”often. Personal names related to the place of birth and natural phenomena. are also popular in Chinese. And we seldom found the personal names in Chinese that are related to religion.

          And English: (Mr[adult male], Mrs(for married women), Miss(for unmarried women), Ms(for women whose marital status is unknown or is not indicted))+surname

           Chinese: in Chinese the terms that can be used as titles are numerous. For example”局长” “处长”etc.

                  In Chinese titles can be used in combination with the addressee’s given name, surname or full name. For example: “林同志” “德清同志” “林德清同志.”

        standard appellatives

        “mother” ”father” ”grandmother” etc can be used alone both in English and Chinese

        “aunt” “uncle” are often used together with the addressee’s give name, but not in Chinese. For example, Uncle Tom, Aunt Mary

        English speaking people can named their relative by using their name, but we can’t do like this in Chinese, even between brothers and sisters. For example: “大哥” “二哥” “二姐”

        When addressing strangers, the Chinese people resort to “同志” “师傅” “先生” “小姐” “老爷爷” “伯父” “阿姨” “伯母” “大哥” “大嫂” “大兄弟” “大姐” “小朋友”

          2. Greetings and farewells

        2.1 Greetings

        English : use these sentences “how do you do” “how are you” , “hello” or “hi” are frequently used greeting among colleagues, classmates, friends and family members. For Chinese learners of English it is important to note that many casual greetings in Chinese cannot be carried over into English used as greetings when they meet English speakers. “吃饭了吗”, “上哪儿呀” “去哪了” etc.

        2.2 Farewells

        English people: when they meet first time: I’m pleased to meet you or it’s nice to meet/know you. It’s nice to have met you. And when they part, they usually say “good-bye, Bye-bye, so long” or “see you later/ tomorrow/on the next Monday.”

        Chinese people: usually “再见” “再会” “一会儿见” “明天见” “下星期一见”. And when the visit is over and the guest is seen to the door or gateway by the host, and exchange of utterances like “请留步” “请走好”

          3. Introduction

          English: introduce a young person to an older one, a man to woman, an inferior to a superior, the guest to the host, and a individual to a group. We mention the woman’s name first unless the man is much older than the woman or very famous. When shake hands, the man should take off the gloves, but the women needn’t. women first extends her hand if they shake hands at all. And add a sentence to descriptive note to bring them closer to each other. Use “how do you do” or “nice to meet/know you”

          4. Compliments and responses

        English:  the response to compliments are almost use “thank you” “I am glad to hear that” “I am glad you like it .”

        Chinese: but in Chinese. Modest is a virtue. So although they glad to hear the compliments. But they tend to refuse the compliments.

          5. Making telephone calls

          English: when they make a call, we must tell the person who answer the call the name, company and what you will do. If the person answer is not available, you can leave a message to him. And when we receive the call, we must tell people the company’s name and ask if there is anything we can do to help.

           Chinese: we just said”喂”, we don’t want to tell other our private information

           Hello, this is Mary speaking. Who’s calling?

           Good morning. James here

         This is Toky Electronics. What can I do for ?

         Stone Company. What can I do for you ?

         Reception. Can I help you?

         Who’s calling, please?

         May I have your name, please?

         Would you tell me your company’s name, please?

          Just a moment, Sir

          Yes, just a second.

          Hold on a moment. I’ll see if he’s in

          Hold the line. I’ll find out if he’s in his office.

  If you do not mind waiting for a while, I’ll see if he is available.

          I’m sorry he is out. May I take a message, so that he can call you?

          I’m sorry he is occupied right now. Would you like to leave a message?

          Thank you for calling.

        Thanks and replies

          In both English and Chinese there are expressions of gratitude.

          E: thank you, Many thanks, thank you very much, thank you all the same, I’m really appreciative of your time, it’s very kind of you to offer help, I’m grateful for what you have done for me, I can’t thank you enough etc. English people speaks more frequently than Chinese. Even used among the family members. The reply is often used “Not at all” “don’t mention it” “you’re welcome” “it’s my pleasure” “it’s ok”

          C: “谢谢” “谢谢你” “非常感谢” “万分感谢” “真不知道该怎么感谢你才好” “多谢了”“谢谢你的好意。” 而中国常用的是“没什么” “不用谢” “不客气” “没什么，这是我应该做的” “这是我的职责。”

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        以上“2020年自考00838语言与文化复习资料（5）”由湖南自考网指导老师收集整理。